The constitutional treaty which was formally signed by the heads of state and government in Rome on 29 October 2004, does not contain any reference to Europe?s Christian heritage, but it does explicitly mention the need for regular, structured and open dialogue with civil society, and with the churches and religious communities. The European Union has presented the Church with a challenge which it must face, whilst at the same time, the European Union is forced to define more precisely what it means by ?civil society? and its relationship with the Church.